11 DESCRIPTION
Gemcitabine is a nucleoside metabolic inhibitor. Gemcitabine hydrochloride is 2´-deoxy-2´,2´-difluorocytidine monohydrochloride (β-isomer) with the following structural formula:
The empirical formula for gemcitabine hydrochloride is C9H11F2N3O4 ∙ HCl. It has a molecular weight of 299.66 g/mol.
Gemcitabine hydrochloride is soluble in water, slightly soluble in methanol, and practically insoluble in ethanol and polar organic solvents.
Gemcitabine hydrochloride is a sterile white to off-white lyophilized powder and available as 200 mg and 1 g single-dose vials for intravenous use only. Each 200 mg vial contains 200 mg gemcitabine (equivalent to 227.7 mg gemcitabine hydrochloride), 200 mg mannitol and 12.5 mg sodium acetate. Each 1 g vial contains 1 g gemcitabine (equivalent to 1.139 g gemcitabine hydrochloride), 1 g mannitol, and 62.5 mg sodium acetate. Hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide may have been added for pH adjustment.