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ZINECARD® Quick Finder

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HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION

These highlights do not include all the information needed to use ZINECARD safely and effectively. See full prescribing information for ZINECARD.

ZINECARD® (dexrazoxane) for injection
Initial U.S. Approval: 1995

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

ZINECARD is a cytoprotective agent indicated for reducing the incidence and severity of cardiomyopathy associated with doxorubicin administration in women with metastatic breast cancer who have received a cumulative doxorubicin dose of 300 mg/m2 and who will continue to receive doxorubicin therapy to maintain tumor control. Do not use ZINECARD with doxorubicin initiation. (1)

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

Reconstitute vial contents and dilute before use. (2.3)
Administer ZINECARD by intravenous infusion over 15 minutes.
DO NOT ADMINISTER VIA AN INTRAVENOUS PUSH. (2.1, 2.3)
The recommended dosage ratio of ZINECARD to doxorubicin is 10:1 (e.g., 500 mg/m2 ZINECARD to 50 mg/m2 doxorubicin). Do not administer doxorubicin before ZINECARD. (2.1)
Reduce dose by 50% for patients with creatinine clearance <40 mL/min. (2.2, 8.7)

DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

250 mg or 500 mg single dose vials as sterile, pyrogen-free lyophilizates. (3)

CONTRAINDICATIONS

ZINECARD should not be used with non-anthracycline chemotherapy regimens. (4)

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

Myelosuppression: ZINECARD may increase the myelosuppresive effects of chemotherapeutic agents. Perform hematological monitoring. (5.1)
Embryo-Fetal Toxicity: Can cause fetal harm. Advise female patients of reproductive potential of the potential hazard to the fetus. (5.5, 8.1)

ADVERSE REACTIONS

In clinical studies, ZINECARD was administered to patients also receiving chemotherapeutic agents for cancer. Pain on injection was observed more frequently in patients receiving ZINECARD versus placebo. (6.1)

To report SUSPECTED ADVERSE REACTIONS, contact Pfizer, Inc. at 1-800-438-1985 or FDA at 1-800-FDA-1088 or www.fda.gov/medwatch.

USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

Nursing Mothers: Discontinue drug or nursing. (8.3)

See 17 for PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION.

Revised: 10/2016

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2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

2.1 Recommended Dose

Administer ZINECARD Injection via intravenous infusion over 15 minutes. DO NOT ADMINISTER VIA AN INTRAVENOUS PUSH.

The recommended dosage ratio of ZINECARD to doxorubicin is 10:1 (e.g., 500 mg/m2 ZINECARD to 50 mg/m2 doxorubicin). Do not administer doxorubicin before ZINECARD. Administer doxorubicin within 30 minutes after the completion of ZINECARD infusion.

2.2 Dose Modifications

Dosing in Patients with Renal Impairment

Reduce ZINECARD dosage in patients with moderate to severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance values less than 40 mL/min) by 50% (ZINECARD to doxorubicin ratio reduced to 5:1; such as 250 mg/m2 ZINECARD to 50 mg/m2 doxorubicin) [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

Dosing in Patients with Hepatic Impairment

Since a doxorubicin dose reduction is recommended in the presence of hyperbilirubinemia, reduce the ZINECARD dosage proportionately (maintaining the 10:1 ratio) in patients with hepatic impairment.

2.3 Preparation and Administration

Preparation and Handling of Infusion Solution

Reconstitute ZINECARD with Sterile Water for Injection, USP. Reconstitute with 25 mL for a ZINECARD 250 mg vial and 50 mL for a ZINECARD 500 mg vial to give a concentration of 10 mg/mL. Dilute the reconstituted solution further with Lactated Ringer's Injection, USP to a concentration of 1.3 to 3.0 mg/mL in intravenous infusion bags for intravenous infusion.

Following reconstitution with Sterile Water for Injection, USP, ZINECARD is stable for 30 minutes at room temperature or if storage is necessary, up to 3 hours from the time of reconstitution when stored under refrigeration, 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F). The pH of the resultant solution is 1.0 to 3.0. DISCARD UNUSED SOLUTIONS. The diluted infusion solutions are stable for one hour at room temperature or if storage is necessary, up to 4 hours when stored under refrigeration, 2° to 8°C (36° to 46°F). The infusion solutions have a pH of 3.5 to 5.5. DISCARD UNUSED SOLUTIONS.

Parenteral drug products should be inspected visually for particulate matter and discoloration prior to administration, whenever solution and container permit. Solutions containing a precipitate should be discarded.

Use caution when handling and preparing the reconstituted solution. The use of gloves is recommended. If ZINECARD powder or solutions contact the skin or mucosae, wash exposed area immediately and thoroughly with soap and water. Follow special handling and disposal procedures.1

Administration

Do not mix ZINECARD with other drugs.

Administer the final diluted solution of ZINECARD by intravenous infusion over 15 minutes before the administration of doxorubicin. DO NOT ADMINISTER VIA AN INTRAVENOUS PUSH. Administer doxorubicin within 30 minutes after the completion of ZINECARD infusion.

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5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

5.1 Myelosuppression

ZINECARD may add to the myelosuppression caused by chemotherapeutic agents. Obtain a complete blood count prior to and during each course of therapy, and administer ZINECARD and chemotherapy only when adequate hematologic parameters are met.

5.2 Concomitant Chemotherapy

Only use ZINECARD in those patients who have received a cumulative doxorubicin dose of 300 mg/m2 and are continuing with doxorubicin therapy. Do not use with chemotherapy initiation as ZINECARD may interfere with the antitumor activity of the chemotherapy regimen. In a trial conducted in patients with metastatic breast cancer who were treated with fluorouracil, doxorubicin, and cyclophosphamide (FAC) with or without ZINECARD starting with their first cycle of FAC therapy, patients who were randomized to receive ZINECARD had a lower response rate (48% vs. 63%) and shorter time to progression than patients who were randomized to receive placebo.

5.3 Cardiac Toxicity

Treatment with ZINECARD does not completely eliminate the risk of anthracycline-induced cardiac toxicity. Monitor cardiac function before and periodically during therapy to assess left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). In general, if test results indicate deterioration in cardiac function associated with doxorubicin, the benefit of continued therapy should be carefully evaluated against the risk of producing irreversible cardiac damage.

5.4 Secondary Malignancies

Secondary malignancies such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) have been reported in studies of pediatric patients who have received ZINECARD in combination with chemotherapy. ZINECARD is not indicated for use in pediatric patients. Some adult patients who received ZINECARD in combination with anti-cancer agents known to be carcinogenic have also developed secondary malignancies, including AML and MDS.

Razoxane is the racemic mixture, of which dexrazoxane is the S(+)-enantiomer. Secondary malignancies (primarily acute myeloid leukemia) have been reported in patients treated chronically with oral razoxane. In these patients, the total cumulative dose of razoxane ranged from 26 to 480 grams and the duration of treatment was from 42 to 319 weeks. One case of T-cell lymphoma, one case of B-cell lymphoma, and six to eight cases of cutaneous basal cell or squamous cell carcinoma have also been reported in patients treated with razoxane. Long-term administration of razoxane to rodents was associated with the development of malignancies [see Nonclinical Toxicology (13.1)].

5.5 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity

ZINECARD can cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant women. Dexrazoxane administration during the period of organogenesis resulted in maternal toxicity, embryotoxicity and teratogenicity in rats and rabbits at doses significantly lower than the clinically recommended dose [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)]. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to a fetus.

Advise female patients of reproductive potential to avoid becoming pregnant and to use highly effective contraception during treatment [see Use in Specific Populations (8.6)].

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6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, the adverse reaction rates observed cannot be directly compared to rates in other trials and may not reflect the rates observed in clinical practice.

The adverse reaction profile described in this section was identified from randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind studies in patients with metastatic breast cancer who received the combination of the FAC chemotherapy regimen with or without ZINECARD. The dose of doxorubicin was 50 mg/m2 in each of these trials. Treatment was administered every three weeks until disease progression or cardiac toxicity.

Patients in clinical trials who received FAC with ZINECARD experienced more severe leukopenia, granulocytopenia, and thrombocytopenia than patients receiving FAC without ZINECARD [see Warnings and Precautions (5.1)].

Table 1 below lists the incidence of adverse reactions for patients receiving FAC with either ZINECARD or placebo in the breast cancer studies. Adverse experiences occurring during courses 1 through 6 are displayed for patients receiving ZINECARD or placebo with FAC beginning with their first course of therapy (columns 1 and 3, respectively). Adverse experiences occurring at course 7 and beyond for patients who received placebo with FAC during the first six courses and who then received either ZINECARD or placebo with FAC are also displayed (columns 2 and 4, respectively).

The adverse reactions listed below in Table 1 demonstrate that the frequency of adverse reaction "Pain on Injection" has been greater for ZINECARD arm, as compared to placebo.

Table 1
Adverse Reaction	Percentage (%) of Breast Cancer Patients With Adverse Reaction
	FAC + ZINECARD		FAC + Placebo
	Courses 1–6 N = 413	Courses ≥ 7 N = 102	Courses 1–6 N = 458	Courses ≥ 7 N = 99
Alopecia	94	100	97	98
Nausea	77	51	84	60
Vomiting	59	42	72	49
Fatigue/Malaise	61	48	58	55
Anorexia	42	27	47	38
Stomatitis	34	26	41	28
Fever	34	22	29	18
Infection	23	19	18	21
Diarrhea	21	14	24	7
Pain on Injection	12	13	3	0
Sepsis	17	12	14	9
Neurotoxicity	17	10	13	5
Streaking/Erythema	5	4	4	2
Phlebitis	6	3	3	5
Esophagitis	6	3	7	4
Dysphagia	8	0	10	5
Hemorrhage	2	3	2	1
Extravasation	1	3	1	2
Urticaria	2	2	2	0
Recall Skin Reaction	1	1	2	0

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8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

Risk Summary

ZINECARD can cause fetal harm when administered to pregnant women. Dexrazoxane administration resulted in maternal toxicity, embryotoxicity and teratogenicity in rats and rabbits at doses significantly lower than the clinically recommended dose. If this drug is used during pregnancy, or if the patient becomes pregnant while taking this drug, the patient should be apprised of the potential hazard to a fetus [see Warnings and Precautions (5.5)].

Animal Data

Dexrazoxane resulted in maternal toxicity in rats at doses of ≥2 mg/kg (1/40 the human dose on a mg/m2 basis) and embryotoxicity and teratogenicity at 8 mg/kg (approximately 1/10 the human dose on a mg/m2 basis) when given daily to pregnant rats during the period of organogenesis. Teratogenic effects in the rat included imperforate anus, microphthalmia, and anophthalmia. In offspring allowed to develop to maturity, fertility was impaired in the male and female rats treated in utero during organogenesis at 8 mg/kg. In rabbits, doses of ≥5 mg/kg (approximately 1/10 the human dose on a mg/m2 basis) daily during the period of organogenesis caused maternal toxicity and doses of 20 mg/kg (1/2 the human dose on a mg/m2 basis) were embryotoxic and teratogenic. Teratogenic effects in the rabbit included several skeletal malformations such as short tail, rib and thoracic malformations, and soft tissue variations including subcutaneous, eye and cardiac hemorrhagic areas, as well as agenesis of the gallbladder and of the intermediate lobe of the lung.

8.3 Nursing Mothers

It is not known whether dexrazoxane or its metabolites are excreted in human milk. Because many drugs are excreted in human milk and because of the potential for serious adverse reactions in nursing infants from dexrazoxane, a decision should be made whether to discontinue nursing or discontinue the drug, taking into account the importance of the drug to the mother.

8.4 Pediatric Use

The safety and effectiveness of dexrazoxane in pediatric patients have not been established [see Warnings and Precautions (5.4)].

8.5 Geriatric Use

Clinical studies of ZINECARD did not include sufficient numbers of subjects aged 65 and over to determine whether they respond differently than younger subjects. Other reported clinical experience has not identified differences in responses between the elderly and younger patients. In general, dose selection for an elderly patient should be cautious, usually starting at the low end of the dosing range, reflecting the greater frequency of decreased hepatic, renal, or cardiac function, and of concomitant disease or other drug therapy.

8.6 Females of Reproductive Potential

Contraception

ZINECARD can cause fetal harm when administered during pregnancy. Advise female patients of reproductive potential to use highly effective contraception during treatment [see Use in Specific Populations (8.1)].

8.7 Renal Impairment

Greater exposure to dexrazoxane may occur in patients with compromised renal function. Reduce the ZINECARD dose by 50% in patients with creatinine clearance values <40 mL/min [see Dosage and Administration (2.2) and Clinical Pharmacology (12.3)].

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12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

12.1 Mechanism of Action

The mechanism by which ZINECARD exerts its cytoprotective activity is not fully understood. Dexrazoxane is a cyclic derivative of EDTA that penetrates cell membranes. Results of laboratory studies suggest that dexrazoxane is converted intracellularly to a ring-opened chelating agent that interferes with iron-mediated free radical generation thought to be responsible, in part, for anthracycline-induced cardiomyopathy.

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

The pharmacokinetics of dexrazoxane have been studied in advanced cancer patients with normal renal and hepatic function. The pharmacokinetics of dexrazoxane can be adequately described by a two-compartment open model with first-order elimination. Dexrazoxane has been administered as a 15 minute infusion over a dose range of 60 to 900 mg/m2 with 60 mg/m2 of doxorubicin, and at a fixed dose of 500 mg/m2 with 50 mg/m2 doxorubicin. The disposition kinetics of dexrazoxane are dose-independent, as shown by linear relationship between the area under plasma concentration-time curves and administered doses ranging from 60 to 900 mg/m2. The mean peak plasma concentration of dexrazoxane was 36.5 µg/mL at 15- minute after intravenous administration of 500 mg/m2 dose of ZINECARD over 15 to 30 minutes prior to the 50 mg/m2 doxorubicin dose.

The important pharmacokinetic parameters of dexrazoxane are summarized in Table 2:

Table 2: SUMMARY OF MEAN (%CV*) DEXRAZOXANE PHARMACOKINETIC PARAMETERS AT A DOSAGE RATIO OF 10:1 OF ZINECARD:DOXORUBICIN
Dose Doxorubicin (mg/m2)	Dose ZINECARD (mg/m2)	Number of Subjects	Elimination Half-Life (h)	Plasma Clearance (L/h/m2)	Renal Clearance (L/h/m2)	†Volume of Distribution (L/m2)
* Coefficient of variation † Steady-state volume of distribution
50	500	10	2.5 (16)	7.88 (18)	3.35 (36)	22.4 (22)
60	600	5	2.1 (29)	6.25 (31)	—	22.0 (55)

Distribution

Following a rapid distributive phase (0.2 to 0.3 hours), dexrazoxane reaches post-distributive equilibrium within two to four hours. The estimated mean steady-state volume of distribution of dexrazoxane is 22.4 L/m2 after 500 mg/m2 of ZINECARD dose followed by 50 mg/m2 of doxorubicin, suggesting distribution throughout total body water (25 L/m2).

In vitro studies have shown that dexrazoxane is not bound to plasma proteins.

Metabolism

Qualitative metabolism studies with dexrazoxane have confirmed the presence of unchanged drug, a diacid-diamide cleavage product, and two monoacid-monoamide ring products in the urine of animals and man. The metabolite levels were not measured in the pharmacokinetic studies.

Excretion

Urinary excretion plays an important role in the elimination of dexrazoxane. Forty-two percent of a 500 mg/m2 dose of ZINECARD was excreted in the urine. Renal clearance averages 3.35 L/h/m2 after the 500 mg/m2 ZINECARD dose followed by 50 mg/m2 of doxorubicin.

Specific Populations

Pediatric

Pharmacokinetics following ZINECARD administration have not been evaluated in pediatric patients.

Effect of Renal Impairment

The pharmacokinetics of dexrazoxane were assessed following a single 15-minute IV infusion of 150 mg/m2 of ZINECARD. Dexrazoxane clearance was reduced in subjects with renal dysfunction. Compared with controls, the mean AUC0–inf value was two-fold greater in subjects with moderate (CLCR 30–50 mL/min) to severe (CLCR <30 mL/min) renal dysfunction. Modeling demonstrated that equivalent exposure (AUC-inf) could be achieved if dosing were reduced by 50% in subjects with creatinine clearance values <40 mL/min compared with control subjects (CLCR >80 mL/min) [see Use in Specific Populations (8.7) and Dosage and Administration (2.2)].

Effect of Hepatic Impairment

Pharmacokinetics following ZINECARD administration have not been evaluated in patients with hepatic impairment. The ZINECARD dose is dependent upon the dose of doxorubicin [see Dosage and Administration (2.2)].

Drug Interactions

There was no significant change in the pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin (50 mg/m2) and its predominant metabolite, doxorubicinol, in the presence of dexrazoxane (500 mg/m2) in a crossover study in cancer patients.

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14 CLINICAL STUDIES

The ability of ZINECARD to prevent/reduce the incidence and severity of doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy was evaluated in three prospectively randomized placebo-controlled studies. In these studies, patients were treated with a doxorubicin-containing regimen and either ZINECARD or placebo starting with the first course of chemotherapy. There was no restriction on the cumulative dose of doxorubicin. Cardiac function was assessed by measurement of the LVEF, utilizing resting multigated nuclear medicine (MUGA) scans, and by clinical evaluations. Patients receiving ZINECARD had significantly smaller mean decreases from baseline in LVEF and lower incidences of congestive heart failure than the control group; however, in the largest study, patients with advanced breast cancer receiving FAC with ZINECARD had a lower response rate (48% vs. 63%) and a shorter time to progression than patients who received FAC versus placebo.

In the clinical trials, patients who were initially randomized to receive placebo were allowed to receive ZINECARD after a cumulative dose of doxorubicin above 300 mg/m2. Retrospective historical analyses showed that the risk of experiencing a cardiac event (see Table 3 for definition) at a cumulative dose of doxorubicin above 300 mg/m2 was greater in the patients who did not receive ZINECARD beginning with their seventh course of FAC than in the patients who did receive ZINECARD (HR=13.08; 95% CI: 3.72, 46.03; p<0.001). Overall, 3% of patients treated with ZINECARD developed CHF compared with 22% of patients not receiving ZINECARD.

Table 3: Definition of Cardiac Events:
Development of congestive heart failure, defined as having two or more of the following: Cardiomegaly by X-ray Basilar Rales S3 Gallop Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea and/or orthopnea and/or significant dyspnea on exertion. Decline from baseline in LVEF by ≥10% and to below the lower limit of normal for the institution. Decline in LVEF by ≥20% from baseline value. Decline in LVEF to ≥5% below lower limit of normal for the institution.

Figure 1 shows the number of patients still on treatment at increasing cumulative doses.

Figure 1 Cumulative Number of Patients On Treatment FAC vs. FAC/ZINECARD Patients Patients Receiving at Least Seven Courses of Treatment

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ZINECARD® (dexrazoxane)

ZINECARD® Quick Finder

HIGHLIGHTS OF PRESCRIBING INFORMATION

INDICATIONS AND USAGE

DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

CONTRAINDICATIONS

WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

ADVERSE REACTIONS

USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

1 INDICATIONS AND USAGE

2 DOSAGE AND ADMINISTRATION

2.1 Recommended Dose

2.2 Dose Modifications

2.3 Preparation and Administration

3 DOSAGE FORMS AND STRENGTHS

4 CONTRAINDICATIONS

5 WARNINGS AND PRECAUTIONS

5.1 Myelosuppression

5.2 Concomitant Chemotherapy

5.3 Cardiac Toxicity

5.4 Secondary Malignancies

5.5 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity

6 ADVERSE REACTIONS

6.1 Clinical Trials Experience

7 DRUG INTERACTIONS

8 USE IN SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

8.1 Pregnancy

8.3 Nursing Mothers

8.4 Pediatric Use

8.5 Geriatric Use

8.6 Females of Reproductive Potential

8.7 Renal Impairment

10 OVERDOSAGE

11 DESCRIPTION

12 CLINICAL PHARMACOLOGY

12.1 Mechanism of Action

12.3 Pharmacokinetics

13 NONCLINICAL TOXICOLOGY

13.1 Carcinogenesis, Mutagenesis, Impairment of Fertility

14 CLINICAL STUDIES

15 REFERENCES

16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING

17 PATIENT COUNSELING INFORMATION

17.1 Myelosuppression

17.2 Embryo-Fetal Toxicity

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