6 ADVERSE REACTIONS
The following clinically significant adverse reactions are described elsewhere in the labeling:
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- QTc Interval Prolongation [see Warnings and Precautions (5.2)]
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- Musculoskeletal Adverse Reactions [see Warnings and Precautions (5.3)]
6.1 Clinical Trials Experience
Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice.
The safety profile of DAURISMO is based on experience in the BRIGHT AML 1003 study for 111 adults with newly-diagnosed AML and 14 adults with other conditions for which DAURISMO is not indicated [see Clinical Studies (14)]. Patients were treated with DAURISMO 100 mg daily in combination with low-dose cytarabine (N=84) or low-dose cytarabine alone (N=41). The median duration of treatment in the DAURISMO with low-dose cytarabine arm was 83 days (range 3 to 972 days), and the median duration of treatment in the low-dose cytarabine alone arm was 47 days (range 6 to 239 days). The median exposure to DAURISMO in the DAURISMO with low-dose cytarabine arm was 76 days (range 3 to 954 days). Thirty-two patients (38%) were treated with DAURISMO with low-dose cytarabine for at least 6 months and 14 patients (17%) were treated for at least 1 year.
Serious adverse reactions were reported in 79% of patients treated in the DAURISMO with low-dose cytarabine arm. The most common (≥5%) serious adverse reactions in patients receiving DAURISMO with low-dose cytarabine were febrile neutropenia (29%), pneumonia (23%), hemorrhage (12%), anemia (7%), and sepsis (7%).
Dose reductions associated with adverse reactions were reported in 26% of patients treated with DAURISMO with low-dose cytarabine, and the most common reasons (≥2%) for dose reductions due to adverse reactions were muscle spasms (5%), fatigue (4%), febrile neutropenia (4%), anemia (2%), thrombocytopenia (2%), and ECG QT prolonged (2%). Adverse reactions leading to permanent discontinuation were reported in 36% of patients treated with DAURISMO with low-dose cytarabine, and the most common (≥2%) reasons for permanent discontinuation were pneumonia (6%), febrile neutropenia (4%), sepsis (4%), sudden death (2%), myocardial infarction (2%), nausea (2%), and renal insufficiency (2%).
Adverse reactions reported in the first 90 days of therapy on the BRIGHT AML 1003 study are shown in Table 3.
Body System | Adverse Reactions | DAURISMO With Low-Dose Cytarabine N=84 | Low-Dose Cytarabine N=41 | ||
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All Grades % | Grade ≥ 3 % | All Grades % | Grade ≥ 3 % | ||
Abbreviations: N = number of patients. Preferred terms were retrieved by applying the Medical Dictionary for Regulatory Activities (MedDRA) version 19.1. BRIGHT AML 1003 used National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0. Adverse reactions include events that commenced within 28 days after the last treatment dose. | |||||
| |||||
Blood and lymphatic system disorder | Anemia | 43 | 41 | 42 | 37 |
Hemorrhage‡ | 36 | 6 | 42 | 12 | |
Febrile neutropenia | 31 | 31 | 22 | 22 | |
Thrombocytopenia | 30 | 30 | 27 | 24 | |
General disorders and administration site conditions | Fatigue§ | 36 | 14 | 32 | 7 |
Edema¶ | 30 | 0 | 20 | 2 | |
Mucositis# | 21 | 1 | 12 | 0 | |
Pyrexia | 18 | 1 | 22 | 2 | |
Chest painÞ | 12 | 1 | 2 | 0 | |
Musculoskeletal and connective tissue disorders | Musculoskeletal painß | 30 | 2 | 17 | 2 |
Muscle spasmà | 15 | 0 | 5 | 0 | |
Gastrointestinal disorders | Nausea | 29 | 1 | 12 | 2 |
Constipation | 20 | 1 | 12 | 0 | |
Abdominal painè | 19 | 0 | 12 | 0 | |
Diarrheað | 18 | 4 | 22 | 0 | |
Vomiting | 18 | 2 | 10 | 2 | |
Respiratory thoracic and mediastinal disorders | Dyspneaø | 23 | 11 | 24 | 7 |
Coughý | 18 | 0 | 15 | 2 | |
Metabolism and nutrition disorders | Decrease appetite | 21 | 1 | 7 | 2 |
Nervous system disorders | Dysgeusia£ | 21 | 0 | 2 | 0 |
Dizziness | 18 | 1 | 7 | 0 | |
Headache | 12 | 0 | 10 | 2 | |
Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders | Rash¥ | 20 | 2 | 7 | 2 |
Infection and infestations | PneumoniaŒ | 19 | 15 | 24 | 22 |
Investigations | Hyponatremia | 11 | 6 | 0 | 0 |
Platelet count decreased | 15 | 15 | 10 | 10 | |
Weight decreased | 13 | 0 | 2 | 0 | |
White blood cell count decreased | 11 | 11 | 5 | 2 | |
Cardiac disorders | Atrial arrhythmiaœ | 13 | 4 | 7 | 2 |
Renal and urinary disorders | Renal insufficiencyƉ | 19 | 5 | 10 | 0 |
The adverse reactions muscle spasms (4 in 12 patients) and decreased appetite (2 in 10 patients) worsened (i.e. progressed from Grades ≤ 2 to Grade 3 or higher) after the first 90 days of therapy in BRIGHT AML 1003.
Additional clinically-significant adverse reactions occurring in < 10% of patients treated with DAURISMO and low-dose cytarabine in BRIGHT AML 1003 include:
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- Dental disorders: loose tooth and toothache
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- Skin and subcutaneous tissue disorders: alopecia
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- Cardiac disorders: QT interval prolonged
Changes in selected post-baseline laboratory values that were observed in patients with newly-diagnosed AML and other conditions for which DAURISMO is not indicated in the clinical trial are shown in Table 4.
DAURISMO with Low-Dose Cytarabine | Low-Dose Cytarabine | |||||
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Laboratory Abnormality | N | All Grades % | Grade 3 or 4† % | N | All Grades % | Grade 3 or 4† % |
Abbreviations: N = number of patients; AST = aspartate aminotransferase; ALT = alanine aminotransferase; CPK = creatinine phosphokinase. BRIGHT AML 1003 used National Cancer Institute Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) version 4.0. | ||||||
Creatinine increased | 81 | 96 | 1 | 40 | 80 | 5 |
Hyponatremia | 81 | 54 | 7 | 39 | 41 | 8 |
Hypomagnesemia | 81 | 33 | 0 | 39 | 23 | 0 |
AST increased | 80 | 28 | 1 | 40 | 23 | 0 |
Blood bilirubin increased | 80 | 25 | 4 | 39 | 33 | 3 |
ALT increased | 80 | 24 | 0 | 40 | 28 | 3 |
Alkaline phosphatase increased | 80 | 23 | 0 | 40 | 28 | 3 |
Hyperkalemia | 81 | 16 | 1 | 40 | 8 | 3 |
CPK increased | 38 | 16 | 0 | 17 | 6 | 0 |
Hypokalemia | 81 | 15 | 0 | 40 | 23 | 0 |
The following laboratory abnormalities worsened (i.e. progressed from Grades ≤ 2 to Grade 3 or higher) after the first 90 days of therapy in BRIGHT AML 1003:
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- hypophosphatemia (8 in 38 patients), creatinine increased (2 in 39 patients), and ALT increased (2 in 40 patients).