12.3 Pharmacokinetics
Absorption
Calcium Chloride Injection is 100% bioavailable following intravenous injection.
Distribution
Calcium in the body is distributed mainly in skeleton (99%) and 1% is distributed within the extracellular fluids and soft tissues. About 50% of total serum calcium is in the ionized form and represents the biologically active part; 8% to 10% serum calcium is bound to organic and inorganic acid, respectively; and approximately 40% is protein-bound (primarily to albumin).
Elimination
Metabolism
Calcium itself does not undergo direct metabolism.
Excretion
Calcium is excreted by the kidney through a combination of glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption. A significant increase in urinary excretion of calcium was observed during and after intravenous infusion of calcium chloride.
Specific Populations
The effect of age, sex, race, ethnicity, renal or hepatic impairment on the pharmacokinetics of calcium have not been evaluated in clinical studies.